
ALS is reading Life Together by Dietrich Bonhoeffer this month. Our book club is structured so that each month one person makes three book suggestions, and the rest of the group votes to choose one. Life Together was one of my picks; it was between that, some short stories of Truman Capote and a book on literary criticism by Lewis. I really wanted to read Life Together, but I tried to hide it and pretend I wanted them all the same. The reason I wanted it to be our pick, very simply, is that the book rocked me. I think us Americanized, strategy and personality driven, power and position hungry Christians can benefit from the simple vision of Christ and His people Bonhoeffer was working out 3/4 of a century ago.
Sitting with my friend Travis at the Bi-Partisan Cafe the other day, I realized how significant this book might have actually been for me. He was talking about a preaching class he had taken at Western Seminary and how it may have been a game changer for how he will approach preaching from here on out. I can’t really say that something will be a game changer for me until something is actually different from what it was before, but my heart and mind were at least moved, and some sort of shift happened in my vision.
Preface
Before I go too far, let me tell you about the first time I tried to read this book. Emphasis on tried. It was my Freshman or Sophomore year at Multnomah. I picked up the book and got so frustrated by the end of the first chapter that I never finished. My beef was pretty simple: Bonhoeffer was trying to make ministry about Jesus and I still wanted it to be about me. I got stuck mid-way through the first chapter where he lays into “visionary” types. It seemed that this man was identifying the person I had aspired to be as somebody very destructive to the Christian community that God actually wants to form. He distinguished between the “divine reality” of Christian community and the “human ideal” of what it ought to be. These, according to Bonhoeffer, are mutually exclusive. Visionary leaders, he says, are the sort that come into a community with a “human ideal”, usually based on their own personality, however spiritual that personality might be, and usurp the much less crisp, clean and idealized (not to mention Christ-centered) version of church life that God actually intends. The result is a “personality cult” that is an affront to the gospel.
Of course my response to all this was frustration. Doesn’t God give the gift of leadership? Isn’t it right that we follow people who have clear “vision”? What about the epistles? Don’t the scriptures themselves give precedent for a leadership style that instructs a community in “divine ideals”? For that matter, aren’t there “divine ideals”? Why is my only choice between a “human ideal” or “divine reality”? Well, these questions kept me from hearing the rest of what Bonhoeffer had to say, but I am very glad I ended up back in that book.
Humble Pie
If I’m honest, Bonhoeffer is painting a vision of church that is more Jesus centered than I’m comfortable with. He takes time in the book to address what the community does when they come together, what they do when they are alone and why solitude is important for the health of the community. Among this and many other things he talks about ministry, the public reading of Scriptures, confession, communion and prayer. Regardless of the topic, he remains Christocentric. Whenever I read and began to ask, “what is my place in this community of faith?” he redirected my question. Instead he kept forcing me to ask, “how can Christ occupy every place in community of faith?”
This might be a game changer.
Without getting into every detail of this short but pregnant work, I want to give one example of what I mean. Toward the end of the book, Bonhoeffer wrote a chapter about ministry. He begins with an indictment. Within any gathering of believers, this question will quickly surface; “who is the greatest?” This question will come, and the spirit behind it must be weeded out as fast as possible, eradicated was his word:
We know who it is that sows this thought in the Christian community. But perhaps we do not bear in mind enough that no Christian community ever comes together without this thought immediately emerging as a seed of discord. Thus at the very beginning of Christian fellowship there is engendered an invisible, often unconscious, life-and-death contest. “There arose a reasoning among them”: this is enough to destroy a fellowship…Hence it is very necessary that every Christian community from the very outset face this dangerous enemy squarely, and eradicate it.
This is the first paragraph of the chapter. Rather than begin by talking about pastors, preaching, discipling, evangelism or anything we might normally associate with “ministry”, he exposes our bent toward sin. He helps us see the fact that even the best of humans (if those who spent three years with Jesus did it, how much more will we?) will look to take for themselves an authority that is only granted to Christ. The words of Jesus in response to the reasoning of the disciples in Mark, “If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all,” must have been reverberating in Bonhoeffer’s ears when he wrote this chapter, because he begins with the things that are last.
He starts by calling us to the ministry of “holding one’s tongue,” encouraging the death of gossip and that we “speak not evil one of another, brethren”. Then, the ministry of meekness, captured well by Thomas a’ Kempis: “This is the highest and most profitable lesson, truly to know and to despise ourselves. To have no opinion of ourselves, and to think always well and highly of others, is great wisdom and perfection.” He follows these up with the ministry of listening, recognizing that it is not only significant that God speaks but that he listens; of helpfulness, pointing out that if we’re too busy writing sermons to lift a finger for our brothers and sisters, we miss the call of God; of bearing, because we have been called to bear one another’s burdens. After these very “lastly” versions of ministry, he gets to the classics: proclamation and authority.
Earlier in the book he said that the goal of all Christian community is that we “meet one another as bringers of the message of salvation.” When Bonhoeffer talks about proclamation of the Word, he takes this out of the pulpit only, and puts it in the hands of every Christian. It is not only the so-called professionals who bear the responsibility of proclamation, all of us are called to apply the gospel to one another’s lives. But before we can engage our brothers and sisters in proclamation all the other last-like forms of ministry must come:
Then where the ministry of listening, active helpfulness, and bearing with others is faithfully performed, the ultimate and highest service can also be rendered, namely, the ministry of the Word of God…If is not accompanied by worthy listening, how can it really be the right word for the other person? If it is contradicted by one’s own lack of active helpfulness, how can it be a convincing and sincere word? If it issues, not from a spirit of bearing and forbearing, but from impatience and the desire to force its acceptance, how can it be the liberating and healing word?
The chapter ends on the ministry of authority. Not because it is most important, but because it is preceded by all the others: “Whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister (servant).” Only someone who has learned to hold thier tongue, meekness, to listen, bear, help and proclaim the gospel can be trusted to have an authority that isn’t born out of the question, “who is the greatest?” Instead, they gladly say, “to Christ be all glory.” Like Paul they say, “follow me, as I follow Christ.” And like John the Baptist they say, “He must increase but I must decrease.”
On Balance
My mistake in the beginning was to think that Bonhoeffer was eradicating leadership when he was actually trying to teach us what it means to have a Christ-like leadership rather than forming another “personality cult”. In a deeply related way, he takes the priesthood of all believers seriously by taking the responsibility for ministry of every kind out of the hands of the professional clergy only and places it with the whole community.
At times, Bonhoeffer gets a bit prescriptive, making very definitive statements about how prayer and scripture reading and worship should be carried out. We can take these things in hand and appreciate the intention and principles that drive them. He wasn’t writing theoretically, this was pastoral instruction to people he was in community with.
I have focused on one angle of his book, how he deals with ministry and authority, recognizing that the work is more holistic than that. For the rest, and all of it is good, pick it up, it’s a mere 120 pages and well worth your time. Also I’m interested in reading the biography that just came out by Eric Metaxas called Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Prophet, Martyr, Spy. If you’ve read it, let me know what you think.
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